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Fibrilación auricular: fisiopatología, factores de riesgo y rol de la anticoagulación oral

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dc.contributor.authorCorrales-Santander, Hugo Rafaelspa
dc.contributor.authorCuellar-Lobo, Marcelaspa
dc.contributor.authorTrocha-Ramos, Antonyspa
dc.contributor.authorCastillo-Eguis, Soniaspa
dc.contributor.authorRios-Díaz, Edwinspa
dc.contributor.authorMorantes-Caballero, Jairospa
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-15 00:00:00
dc.date.available2022-04-15 00:00:00
dc.date.issued2022-04-15
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: la fibrilación auricular es la arritmia cardíaca más frecuente a nivel mundial, considerándose un problema importante de salud pública dada su elevada morbimortalidad y alta carga económica asociada al ataque cerebrovascular como su principal complicación tromboembólica.Objetivo: hacer una revisión narrativa de los aspectos fisiopatológicos, factores de riesgo y de la terapia anticoagulante oral en pacientes con fibrilación auricular. Métodos: utilizando las palabras claves se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la literatura disponible, tanto en inglés como en español, en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, EBSCO y MEDLINE. Se seleccionaron 68 publicaciones entre ellas guías de práctica clínica, metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos y artículos originales que daban respuesta a nuestro objetivo con la mejor evidencia posible. Resultados: en el inicio y mantenimiento de la fibrilación auricular participan factores de riesgos modificables y no modificables, los cuales inciden en su fisiopatología generando tanto trastornos de la formación del impulso como trastornos de la conducción. En las últimas décadas los anticoagulantes orales directos han comprobado igual o mayor beneficio que la warfarina, con menores tasas de efectos adversos en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular. Incluso, algunos estudios sugieren la extensión de uso en fibrilación auricular valvular. Sin embargo, la warfarina sigue siendo el fármaco de elección con mayor evidencia en esta última. Conclusión: la fibrilación auricular es una arritmia cuya incidencia va en aumento dado la mayor prevalencia de factores de riesgo en la población. La anticoagulación es un pilar en la prevención del ataque cerebrovascular. Debe instaurarse con un enfoque individualizado teniendo en cuenta los efectos adversos y beneficios de cada fármaco, el perfil del paciente, el riesgo de ataque cerebrovascular y el riesgo de hemorragia mediante el uso de escalas. spa
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: atrial Fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. It is considered a major issue regarding public health due to its high morbidity and mortality, and the elevated economic burden associated with stroke as its principal thromboembolic complication. Objective: to elaborate a literature review of the pathophysiological aspects, risk factors and the role of oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: a non-systematic review of the available literature was carried out, both in English and in Spanish, using databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, EBSCO and MEDLINES. 68 publications were selected, including clinical practice guidelines, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, clinical trials and original articles according to our objective. Results: multiple modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors participate in the onset and maintenance of an atrial fibrillation. The effects of these risk factors on the organism serve to amplify the underlying pathophysiology of this condition that result in alterations in the formation of electric impulses and its conduction. In the past decade, the direct oral anticoagulants have shown equal to greater benefit than warfarin, with a lower rate of adverse effects in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Additional studies suggest the use of the former in valvular atrial fibrillation. Nonetheless, warfarin continues to be the drug of choice with more evidence in the latter Conclusions: atrial fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia whose incidence is currently on the rise, given an increasing prevalence of its risk factors in the general population. anticoagulants are the main drugs used for the prevention of strokes, and must be implemented with a personalized approach taking into account the adverse effects and the benefits of each drug, patient’s profile, risk of stroke and the risk for hemorrhage through the use of scales, which is discussed in this article. eng
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.doi10.32997/rcb-2022-3704
dc.identifier.eissn2389-7252
dc.identifier.issn2215-7840
dc.identifier.urlhttps://doi.org/10.32997/rcb-2022-3704
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad de Cartagenaspa
dc.relation.bitstreamhttps://revistas.unicartagena.edu.co/index.php/cbiomedicas/article/download/3704/3200
dc.relation.citationeditionNúm. 2 , Año 2022spa
dc.relation.citationendpage162
dc.relation.citationissue2spa
dc.relation.citationstartpage145
dc.relation.citationvolume11spa
dc.relation.ispartofjournalRevista Ciencias Biomédicasspa
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dc.rightsHugo Rafael Corrales-Santander, Marcela Cuellar-Lobo, Antony Trocha-Ramos, Sonia Castillo-Eguis, Edwin Rios-Díaz, Jairo Morantes-Caballero - 2022spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
dc.rights.creativecommonsEsta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0spa
dc.sourcehttps://revistas.unicartagena.edu.co/index.php/cbiomedicas/article/view/3704spa
dc.subjectAtrial fibrillationeng
dc.subjectAnticoagulantseng
dc.subjectThromboembolismeng
dc.subjectSecondary Preventioneng
dc.subjectStrokeeng
dc.subjectFibrilación Auricularspa
dc.subjectAnticoagulantesspa
dc.subjectTromboemboliaspa
dc.subjectPrevención secundariaspa
dc.subjectAtaque Cerebrovascularspa
dc.titleFibrilación auricular: fisiopatología, factores de riesgo y rol de la anticoagulación oralspa
dc.title.translatedAtrial fibrillation: pathophysiology, risk factors and the role of the oral anticoagulatioeng
dc.typeArtículo de revistaspa
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