Publicación:
Especies de plantas colombianas con potencial antiinflamatorio sobre modelos de inflamación tópica y enfermedad inflamación intestinal

dc.contributor.advisorFranco Ospina, Luís Alberto
dc.contributor.authorCastro Guerrero, Jenny Paola
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-10T14:53:25Z
dc.date.available2021-12-10T14:53:25Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractLas enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) son la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en la población mundial, representando el 70% de todas las muertes en el mundo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que más de 14 millones de personas entre 30 y 70 años mueren anualmente en el mundo por una enfermedad crónica y el 85% de estas personas provienen de un país en desarrollo. La aparición de estas enfermedades está asociada a factores de riesgo modificables relacionados con el estilo de vida, como la inactividad física, el consumo nocivo de alcohol, tabaco y una dieta poco saludable; los cuales pueden producir un daño celular considerable en los tejidos diana y desencadenar un desequilibrio redox que produce un estado de "estrés oxidativo", a menudo acompañado o relacionado con un proceso inflamatorio crónico, el cual ha sido reconocido como un mecanismo patofisiológico subyacente en la aparición de muchas ECNT. En este sentido, la supresión de la respuesta inflamatoria en enfermedades crónicas puede afectar beneficiosamente el resultado de la misma. Colombia cuenta con una combinación única de atributos geográficos y topográficos que le han permitido contar con una extraordinaria diversidad de flora, siendo catalogado como uno de los países más megadiversos del mundo. Tradicionalmente un alto porcentaje de la población colombiana ha empleado especies vegetales con propiedades medicinales como alternativas terapéuticas para tratar diversas enfermedades que cursan con inflamación. Sin embargo, muchas de estas especies han sido poco o nada estudiadas por nuestra comunidad científica. Este proyecto contribuyó al conocimiento del potencial anti-inflamatorio de algunas especies vegetales colombianas, evaluando inicialmente el efecto de cincuenta y uno (51) extractos vegetales, sobre la liberación del mediador inflamatorio óxido nítrico (NO•) en macrófagos RAW 264.7. Los resultados permitieron identificar el potencial anti-inflamatorio de los extractos etanólicos de las semillas de Ambrosia peruviana, las hojas de Mammea americana, los cálices de Physalis angulata, y el fruto de Physalis peruviana; los cuales además de inhibir la producción de NO•, también disminuyeron significativamente la liberación de TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 y PGE-2 en macrófagos RAW 264.7 activados. Estos resultados se consideran prometedores teniendo en cuenta que se trata de biomarcadores de inflamación importantes en los procesos inflamatorios asociados a las ECNT. Con miras a darle continuidad al estudio de estas promisorias especies y obtener resultados a nivel in vivo, se evaluó el efecto anti-inflamatorio del extracto total etanólico de las hojas de Mammea americana y los cálices de Physalis angulata, en el modelo de edema auricular inducido por TPA. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el potencial anti-inflamatorio del extracto etanólico total de las flores de Cordia alba, en el mismo modelo, siendo estos resultados el primer reporte del potencial anti-inflamatorio de las flores de esta especie. Los resultados mostraron que los tres extractos lograron disminuir significativamente el edema producido por el agente irritante TPA y disminuyeron la infiltración de neutrófilos en el tejido. Por otro lado, el extracto del fruto de Physalis peruviana, fue evaluado en el modelo de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal inducida por dextran sulfato de sodio (DSS) en ratones BALB/c, los resultados mostraron que una dieta suplementada con extracto del fruto de Physalis peruviana atenuó los síntomas de la colitis aguda inducida por el DSS, reduciendo el sangrado, la pérdida de peso, la diarrea y el acortamiento del colon. Adicionalmente, este extracto inhibió la actividad de la enzima MPO y disminuyó la producción de IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α y EROs en el tejido colónico. Los resultados de este proyecto demuestran el efecto anti-inflamatorio de los extractos obtenidos de las hojas de Mammea americana, de los cálices de Physalis angulata, las flores de Cordia alba y los frutos de Physalis peruviana, convirtiéndose en la base de posteriores estudios encaminados al desarrollo de fitopreparados y alimentos funcionales con utilidad para la prevención y/o el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.spa
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor(a) en Ciencias Biomédicasspa
dc.format.extent164 hojasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11227/13598
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.57799/11227/91
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad de Cartagenaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.placeCartagena de Indiasspa
dc.publisher.programDoctorado en Ciencias Biomédicasspa
dc.rightsDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Cartagena, 2021spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.armarcBioquímica vegetal
dc.subject.armarcMedicina tradicional
dc.subject.armarcAgentes anti-inflamatorios
dc.subject.armarcFenol
dc.subject.armarcÓxido nítrico
dc.subject.armarcPlantas - Efectos del estrés
dc.titleEspecies de plantas colombianas con potencial antiinflamatorio sobre modelos de inflamación tópica y enfermedad inflamación intestinalspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06spa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionspa
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