Publicación:
Análisis comparativo de los niveles de la fracción exhalada de óxido nítrico (FENO) en población pediátrica parasitada y no parasitada

dc.contributor.advisorAcevedo Caballero, Nathalie
dc.contributor.authorRamírez Cruz, Jonathan Camilo
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-12T21:41:17Z
dc.date.available2022-05-12T21:41:17Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractLas infecciones por geohelmintos son un problema de salud pública que afecta a países en vía de desarrollo como el nuestro, dado que necesitan de unas condiciones de poca salubridad y un ambiente propicio para su contagio, por lo que afecta principalmente a la población más vulnerable, la cual es un porcentaje importante que se enmarca principalmente en zonas rurales, en las cuales está enfocado este estudio. Estas infecciones traen consigo anemia, retardo en el desarrollo físico y cognitivo, pero adicionalmente por el tipo de respuesta que inducen, la cual está mediada por citoquinas de tipo 2 como la IL-5 y la IL-13, se cree puede afectar biomarcadores de otras enfermedades, cuya fisiopatología también está basada en una respuesta de tipo 2, como lo son las alergias. Entre los marcadores que se alteran bajo estas citoquinas, está el conteo de eosinófilos en sangre periférica y la fracción exhalada de óxido nítrico (FeNO). El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un estudio exploratorio sobre si las infecciones por helmintos pueden alterar los niveles de FeNO. Se reclutaron niños entre 6 a 14 años (n=95), de áreas rurales del departamento de Bolívar, Colombia. Donde se les realizó, previo a explicación y firma de consentimiento informado, los análisis de coprológico, toma de muestras de sangre para hemograma y medición de anticuerpos mediante ELISA, y medición de los valores de FeNO. Los niños se clasificaron según el coproanálisis en niños parasitados (n=67) y niños no parasitados (n=28). Se les realizó un cuestionario para indagar sobre sus condiciones de vida y antecedentes médicos, y la toma de exámenes previamente mencionados. Se encontró que la mayoría de los niños estaban infectados con protozoos (n=51), también se encontraron niños infectados con helmintos (n=22) y niños sin parasitosis, que se consideraron controles no parasitados (n=28). El helminto más prevalente fue Trichuris trichiura (n=21), seguido de Ancylostoma duodenale (n=3), Hymenolepis nana (n=3) y Ascaris lumbricoides (n=2). Se observó que hubo correlación débil pero significativa entre los niveles de FeNO y el conteo de eosinófilos en la población general (Spearman rho=0.21, P=0.04), sin embargo, no hubo diferencia significativa en los niveles de FeNO entre niños parasitados y no parasitados (P=0.33), tampoco entre los niños infectados con helmintos y no infectados (P=0.98) y de igual manera no hubo una diferencia significativa entre infectados por protozoos y no infectados (P=0.26). No se encontró correlación entre los niveles de IgE para ABA-1 y los niveles de FeNO de los niños (Spearman rho=0.081, P=0.46), tampoco hubo diferencia significativa en los niveles de FeNO entre los niños con IgE positiva al ABA-1 (sensibilizados) comparado con los no sensibilizados (P=0.27). Finalmente se evaluó la asociación entre variables sociodemográficas y los niveles de FeNO, pero no se encontró ninguna relación estadística entre las exposiciones documentadas por cuestionario y los niveles de FeNO. Por lo que se concluyó que si hay correlación débil positiva y significativa entre los niveles de FeNO y el conteo de eosinófilos en niños de un área rural. Sin embargo, los niveles de FeNO no se ven afectados por la infección activa por Trichuris trichiura, lo que sugiere que, si bien la infección por Trichuris induce una respuesta inmune de tipo 2, no es suficiente para generar una respuesta a nivel local en el pulmón capaz de alterar los niveles de FeNO. Por último, tampoco hay diferencia en los niveles de FeNO entre niños sensibilizados y no sensibilizados a ABA-1.Debido a que este es un análisis exploratorio se necesitan más estudios con una muestra más grande y con un número mayor de casos con infecciones helmínticas con fase pulmonar para definir mejor como estas pudieran afectar los niveles de FeNO.spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Inmunologíaspa
dc.format.extent82 hojasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11227/15205
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.57799/11227/1347
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad de Cartagenaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.placeCartagena de Indiasspa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Inmunologíaspa
dc.rightsDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Cartagena, 2022spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.armarcParásitos
dc.subject.armarcEnfermedades intestinales
dc.subject.armarcEnfermedades parasitarias
dc.subject.armarcNiños - Enfermedades
dc.titleAnálisis comparativo de los niveles de la fracción exhalada de óxido nítrico (FENO) en población pediátrica parasitada y no parasitadaspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionspa
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