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dc.contributor.advisorGómez Camargo, Doris Esther
dc.contributor.authorOchoa Díaz, Margarita María
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-15T20:00:23Z
dc.date.available2021-10-15T20:00:23Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11227/12509
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.57799/11227/150
dc.description.abstractLas Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud son aquellas patologías locales o sistémicas resultado de una atención en salud, que no estaban presentes al momento del ingreso hospitalario. Son patologías multicausales que afectan principalmente la población internada en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos en ocasiones con diagnóstico impreciso cuyo riesgo es 2-20 veces mayor en economías emergentes que en naciones desarrolladas, con elevadas tasas de morbi-mortalidad cuando la etiología corresponde a microorganismos multirresistentes, principalmente Gram-negativos. En Colombia el Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública reglamenta la importancia de la documentación epidemiológica de las IAAS. En Cartagena de Indias existe un subregistro en estas patologías, no se dispone de un estudio que documente el perfil epidemiológico de las infecciones hospitalarias, no hay un sistema de vigilancia continuo que documente la situación de la resistencia a antimicrobianos. Objetivos: Caracterizar epidemiológicamente y molecularmente las IAAS presentes en pacientes adultos internados en UCIs en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia y analizar los patrones moleculares de los agentes infecciosos que las originan. Metodología: Estudio epidemiológico observacional de corte transversal. Previo consentimiento informado se seleccionaron pacientes [adultos] con diagnóstico de IAAS [Pulmonar, y/o Sanguínea, y/o Urinaria, y/o Quirúrgica] que se encontraban hospitalizados en 21 UCIs de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias. Se recolectaron datos clínicos y paraclínicos, así como se realizó seguimiento de los aislamientos en las muestras de secreciones recolectadas por medio de cultivos, antibiogramas y pruebas moleculares. Se creó un Banco de DNA, así como una Base de Datos para el análisis estadístico [análisis descriptivo de variables demográficas, y modelos de regresión logística] utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS®. Resultados: Se evaluaron 481 pacientes en el 95,2% de las UCIA de Cartagena de Indias encontrando finalmente 218 episodios de IAAS en 199 pacientes durante 10 meses de observación. La NAV fue el evento más prevalente con 15,8% (IC 12,7-19,4) seguido por ITS-AC 13,5% (IC 10,6-16,9), ITU-AC 7,7% (IC 5,5-10,5) y por último se ubicaron las ISQ con un 4,4% (IC 2,7- 6,6), predominando el sexo masculino (50,3%) con una media de edad de 59,6 años una mediana de permanencia previo al evento de 4 días (RIQ 2-9) en donde el 78,3% de los pacientes se recuperaron. Para el análisis de la distribución de normalidad de las variables cuantitativas mediante la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov se encontraron probabilidades con p <0,05 con lo cual se consideró que la distribución fue no normal. Se realizó un análisis entre variables clínicas comparadas con el desenlace del evento empleándose la Prueba exacta de Fisher sin encontrarse significancia estadística en ninguno de los casos. Las bacterias Gram-Negativas fueron las más aisladas con P. aeruginosa como Gram-negativo más frecuente y S. aureus como Grampositivo más prevalente. Los perfiles de resistencia mostraron elevada resistencia frente a carbapenémicos y quinolonas. La genotipificación de las cepas nosocomiales aisladas mostró que los genes genes blaTEM, blaCTX-M y blaOXA-1-4-30 se encontraron en todas los aislados Gram-negativos en los que fueron probados; el gen que más se presentó asociado a resistencia a quinolonas en Gram-negativos fue aac[6’]-Ib-cr; el gen ermC puede estar asociado a la resistencia a Lincosamidas y Macrólidos en las cepas Gram-Positivas más aisladas en los pacientes evaluados. iv Conclusiones: En las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos que prestan atención a pacientes adultos de Cartagena de Indias se presentan Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud relacionadas al uso de dispositivos prevaleciendo las Neumonías Asociadas al uso de Ventilación Mecánica, en pacientes adultos mayores en los que las bacterias Gram-Negativas son las más frecuentes las cuales exhiben perfiles de susceptibilidad antibiótica asociados a la presencia de resistencias contenidas en elementos genéticos móvilesspa
dc.format.extent184 hojasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad de Cartagenaspa
dc.rightsDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Cartagena, 2018spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.titlePerfil epidemiológico molecular y clínico de las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud en unidades de cuidado intensivo en Cartagena de Indias D.T., Colombiaspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
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dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor(a) en Medicina Tropicalspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.placeCartagena de Indiasspa
dc.publisher.programDoctorado en Medicina Tropicalspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)spa
dc.subject.armarcInfecciones nosocomiales
dc.subject.armarcInfecciones respiratorias
dc.subject.armarcUnidades de cuidados intensivos
dc.subject.armarcHospitales - Infecciones
dc.subject.armarcAntibiogramas
dc.subject.armarcMicroorganismo - Efecto de los antibióticos
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